Prefixes and Suffixes — English Bac Éco

Dans le programme du Bac Éco

English has a coefficient of 2 in the Bac Sciences Économiques stream, the same weight as Philosophy and Law. It sits behind the professional subjects (General Economics and Accounting, coefficient 6; Business Organisation, coefficient 3; Applied Mathematics, coefficient 4). The stream's grounding in institutions and collective behaviour makes the English themes on citizenship, organisations and development familiar ground.

À l'épreuve

Three parts: Reading Comprehension, Language, and Writing (about 180 words). Economics candidates are used to analysing collective phenomena and institutions, which helps on essay prompts about international organisations, brain drain or sustainable development — provided the answer stays in plain English, not economics jargon.

Objectifs d'apprentissage

Reuse this vocabulary field in the Bac Éco Reading answers and in the argumentative essay (coefficient 2)
Recognise the most common negative prefixes: un-, dis-, im-, in-, ir-, il-, non-
Form a noun from an adjective or a verb with suffixes (-ness, -ity, -tion, -ment)
Form an adjective from a noun or a verb with suffixes (-ful, -less, -able, -ive)
Form an adverb of manner by adding -ly to an adjective

Notions clés

Negative prefixes

un- (happy → unhappy), dis- (agree → disagree), im- (before b / m / p: possible → impossible), in- (correct → incorrect), ir- (before r: responsible → irresponsible), il- (before l: legal → illegal). The choice often depends on the first letter of the base word.

Noun suffixes

-ness (happy → happiness), -ity (able → ability), -tion / -sion (educate → education, decide → decision), -ment (develop → development) — they turn an adjective or a verb into an abstract noun.

Adjective and adverb suffixes

-ful (help → helpful), -less (hope → hopeless, opposite of -ful), -able / -ible (accept → acceptable), -ive (create → creative) for adjectives; -ly added to an adjective for the adverb of manner (quick → quickly, happy → happily with y → i).

Erreurs fréquentes

Using the wrong negative prefix by false analogy: “inresponsible” is wrong — use irresponsible (ir- before r).

Confusing -ful and -less, which have opposite meanings: hopeful (full of hope) vs hopeless (without hope) — one letter changes the whole meaning.

Forming an irregular adverb as if it followed the general rule: good → goodly does not exist; the correct adverb is well.

Exemple corrigé

Énoncé

Complete with the correct form of the word in brackets: “Her decision to leave the company was completely ___ (understand).”

Correction

Identify the grammatical function needed. After “completely”, an adverb is possible, but here the structure “was completely ___” calls for an adjective after the verb be.

Choose the right suffix. understand (verb) → understandable (adjective, with the suffix -able).

Result. “Her decision to leave the company was completely understandable.”

Le cours, puis l'entraînement.

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3 exercices pour t'entraîner

Exercice 1

Easy

Form the noun from happy: happy → ___

Voir la correction

happiness — the suffix -ness turns an adjective into an abstract noun.

Exercice 2

Medium

Choose the right negative prefix: ___legal, ___possible, ___correct

Voir la correction

illegal (il- before l), impossible (im- before p), incorrect (in-, the general case).

Exercice 3

Hard

Complete with the correct form: “The company's new policy was met with widespread ___ (approve) among employees.” (mind the negative meaning called for by “widespread ___”)

Voir la correction

disapproval — the prefix dis- reverses the meaning of approve to disapprove, then the suffix -al forms the noun; the context (a badly received policy) confirms the negative meaning.

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Questions fréquentes

How do I guess the meaning of an unknown word from prefixes / suffixes in the exam?

Spot the known root (for example “legal” in illegal), then identify the prefix (il- = negation) or the suffix (-tion = noun) to work out the meaning and the word class, even without knowing the word.

Is there a single rule for choosing between un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-?

No absolute rule, but a useful tendency: ir- before r, il- before l, im- before b / m / p, in- otherwise, and un- with many Anglo-Saxon adjectives (happy, fair, kind) rather than Latin ones.

Do -ful and -less apply to every noun?

No, they are productive but not universal: some pairs exist (hope / hopeful / hopeless, care / careful / careless) while other words have only one usual form — when in doubt, check rather than guess in the exam.

How do I fit English revision around the economics and accounting subjects?

A short weekly session: one chapter (rule or word list, two examples), then a short paragraph. Focus especially on the society themes — citizenship, international organisations, development — which are close to your other subjects, and keep a model introduction and conclusion ready. A mark above your average is within reach.

How do I use this theme in the Bac Éco essay without sounding generic?

Anchor each key term in one concrete, personal example — a place, a person, a situation you know. A specific illustration in accurate English scores better than a long list of terms with no support, on any of the society prompts in the programme.